![]() We present a detailed study of the multi-transiting planetary system Kepler-20, including parameter fits of the transiting planets and an analysis of the stellar activity. The resulting model light curves are then compared to actual measurements. To compute the model light curves, we use the 3D animation software Blender for our transit simulations, which allows the use of arbitrary surface brightness distributions of the star, such as limb darkening from model atmospheres. These model light curves contain PPOs for some values of α. In our approach we synthesize multi-transit light curves of the exoplanets in question via the construction of a grid of projected orbital tilt angles α, while keeping all transit parameters constant. Here we develop a method that uses photometric data to gain this kind of information from multi-transit events. Planetary systems, for which the measurement of orbital obliquities with conventional techniques remains elusive, call for new methods whereby at least some information on the alignments can be obtained. While the presence of PPOs constrains the orbital alignment, the absence at first glance does not.Īims. Planet–planet occultations (PPOs), which can occur in multiple transiting systems, are one intuitive example. There are a number of elaborate techniques to determine the alignment parameters using photometric or spectroscopic data. Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg,Į-mail: The mutual orbital alignment in multiple planetary systems is an important parameter for understanding their formation. Astronomical objects: linking to databases.Including author names using non-Roman alphabets.Suggested resources for more tips on language editing in the sciences Punctuation and style concerns regarding equations, figures, tables, and footnotes (2006) Explorations: An Introduction to Astronomy, Fourth Edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. In the next section we will look at Kepler's Laws!Īrny, Thomas T. However, within a century more support such as Kepler's laws were adding credibility to this theory. This theory was not initially accepted by the scientific community. ![]() This is a much better explanation for retrograde motion because the inner planets move faster than the outer planets. In 1543 he proposed that the Sun was in the center of the solar system and earth and the other planets revolved around it. Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to suggest the heliocentric view of the solar system. Here is an animation that demonstrates this. The pictures were taken at two week intervals for almost a whole year.Īnimation: Heliocentric Epicycle Model of Solar System Before the heliocentric (sun centered) view of the solar system was widely accepted, some people believed that epicycles could explain retrograde motion. Why is this evidence for a heliocentric model of the universe?Īnimation: Retrograde Motion This animation explains why we see other planets experiencing retrograde motion.Īnimated PhotoThis set of photographs shows the retrograde motion of Jupiter and Saturn.It is easier to see than explain so click on the following links and answer these questions: Retrograde motion is when a planet starts moving in the opposite direction. To clarify, the normal direction of Planets from our perspective is west to east. Retrograde motion is the apparent backward motion of a planet viewed from Earth. However, one thing the geocentric model did not explain very well was retrograde motion. The Solar System was once thought to be Earth Centered.
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